Climate change is real and caused by people » Yale Climate Connections

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Strong scientific consensus supports the idea that climate change is real and is caused by humans. Global warming: Scientific investigation The 19th century was the year that it all started.This research was able to lead to confidence about the causes and adverse effects of global warming by the mid 2000s. This conclusion was drawn from studying air and ocean temperatures, the atmosphere’s composition, satellite records, ice cores, modeling, and more.

In 1988, the United Nations and World Meteorological Organization created the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to provide regular updates on the scientific evidence on global heating. A 2013 report, the IPCC concluded that scientific evidence of warming is “unequivocal” and that the largest cause is an increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as a result of humans burning fossil fuels. The IPCC continues its assessment of this science and issues periodic reports.

Climate change is real, and it is caused by humans

The IPCC isn’t the only scientific organization that has reached a consensus on scientific evidence of human-caused climate change. As This NASA pageIt is noted that statements have been released by 200 international scientific organizations, 11 international science Academies, 18 American science associations, and 11 global scientific organizations.

This graph, which is based upon the comparison of atmospheric samples in ancient ice-cores and more recent direct measurement, shows that atmospheric CO is strongly evidenced.₂ has increased dramatically since the Industrial Revolution compared to paleoclimatologic (past climate) measurements over the past 800,000 years. (Image credit: NASA / Data credit: Luthi, D., et al.. 2008; Etheridge, D.M., et al. 2010; Vostok ice core data/J.R. Petit et al.; NOAA Mauna Loa CO₂ record.)

Amanda Staudt, the senior director for climate, atmosphere and polar sciences at National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine, has been with the Academy since 2001. She said that the Academies began studying climate change in 1979. They were researching how much warming would occur if carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere doubled.

These findings are still valid four decades later and have been strengthened by scores of ongoing studies and analysis. “The remarkable thing about that study,” she said, “is that they basically got the right answer” from the start. This 1979 studyStaudt stated that the National Research Council led to investments in climate science in the U.S.

Temperature data has shown rapid warming over the past decade, with the most recent data reaching up to 2021. NASA has tied 2016 and 2020 for the warmest year ever since 1880, continuing a long-term trend in rising global temperatures. The warmest eight years were the most recent. (Image credit: NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies)

Although this consensus is well established, scientific research continues and new findings are made. Staudt said that many attempts to rebut climate science findings were researched and disproved.

“We did a lot of studies in that time period, looking at those questions,” she said, ”and one by one, putting them to bed and convincing ourselves over and over again, that humans were affecting climate, and that we could document that effect.”

To reach consensus at the National Academies, open sessions are required to dialogue with scientists and committees (which typically include 12-15 experts) and to reach agreement. Their draft reports go through peer review, and reviewers’ concerns are resolved before publication is approved. The goal of the complex science behind climate change is to be as fully researched and substantiated possible.

“One of the things I think about scientists is that we’re all inherently skeptics at some level,” Staudt said. “That’s what drives us to science, that we have questions about the world around us. And we want to prove that for ourselves.”

Scientists continue to reaffirm the evidence that climate change is occurring.

The process of publishing climate scientists’ findings is similar in all parts of the world. Their research papers also show strong consensus on global warming. NASA states: On its website, “Multiple studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals show that 97 percent or more of actively publishing climate scientists agree: Climate-warming trends over the past century are extremely likely due to human activities.” (By sound practice, scientists resist saying science is for all times “certain” or that its findings are “final,” and the “extremely likely” language respects that practice.)

John Cook, a fellow of Monash University’s Climate Change Communication Research Hub in Melbourne, Australia, led one of the studies on the consensus. Cook and his colleagues reviewed nearly 12,000 scientific articles to assess how aligned research is on major findings regarding climate change. This studyIt was found that 97 per cent of scholarly papers taking a position on climate changes support the consensus. According to The following research is recommended.

Cook, who reviewed the papers, stated that he and his coworkers found the consensus to be so well accepted by 2013, that many researchers no longer felt the need to mention it or reaffirm the fact in their research papers.